4th Street Bridge (Racine, Wisconsin): Difference between revisions
no edit summary
Reschultzed (talk | contribs) (WIP) |
No edit summary |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) | |||
Line 4:
| image_size =
| caption =
| carries = [[4th Street (Racine, Wisconsin)|4th Street]]<br/>[[Bridge Street (Racine, Wisconsin)|Bridge Street]]
| crosses = [[Root River (Wisconsin)|Root River]]
| locale = [[Racine, Wisconsin]]
Line 13:
| width =
| begin =
| open = March 1878
| closed = January 18, 1936 (vehicles)<br/>September 14, 1961 (pedestrians)
| destroyed = July 1963
| pushpin_map =
| map_caption =
}}
The '''4th Street Bridge''' was a bridge in [[Racine, Wisconsin]] that connected [[4th Street (Racine, Wisconsin)|4th Street]] to [[Bridge Street (Racine, Wisconsin)|Bridge Street]] across the [[Root River (Wisconsin)|Root River]]. The first bridge on the site was built in 1844, and was replaced in 1857 and 1878. The most recent incarnation of the bridge was a {{w|swing bridge}} built in 1878. The last 19th-century bridge to continue operating in Racine, the city considered removing or replacing it for decades, particularly after an inspection in 1921 found the bridge to be in poor condition. Due to safety concerns, the bridge was closed to vehicle traffic in 1936, but remained open to pedestrians until it was condemned in 1961, and subsequently demolished in 1963. In recent years, a new pedestrian bridge has been proposed to be built at the same location.
==History==
The first bridge to cross the Root River at 4th Street was a fixed {{w|pile bridge}} constructed by Sidney and Stephen Sage in 1844, which was known as "Sage's Bridge". The bridge's construction was authorized by act of the state legislature on January 20, 1844. Because it was a low-lying pile bridge, it became the Root River's {{w|head of navigation}}. While originally a private structure, the bridge was extensively repaired by a city-owned dredge boat between 1849 and 1853, requiring part of the bridge to be briefly removed so the dredge could access the south side of the structure. In November 1856, the city of Racine hired [[Harper & Tweeddale]] of [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] to replace Sage's Bridge and the [[State Street Bridge (Racine, Wisconsin)|"Red Bridge" at State and 2nd streets]] with two new nearly-identical wooden-truss swing bridges which were built in 1857.<ref name=story-1922-pt1>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58065180/the-journal-times/ "Story of the Bridges Across Root River"], [[Racine Journal-News]], February 4, 1922, page 3.</ref> The new bridge at 4th Street was {{convert|135|ft|m}} long and {{convert|27|ft|m}} wide.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QCNJAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA458 ''The History of Racine and Kenosha Counties, Wisconsin''], 1879, p. 458.</ref>
A committee organized by the city council in 1877 found the bridge to be "in very unsafe condition" and recommended that it be repaired immediately, predicting that it would cost $2,700 to make the bridge usable for three or four more years. The council decided to have the bridge completely replaced instead,<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58065298/racine-journal/ "The Council; A Special Meeting on Bridges"], [[Racine Journal]], September 26, 1877, page 3.</ref> and [[F. S. Illsley and Company]] was contracted to build a new steel bridge for $6,647.87. Since the bridge also crossed the [[Western Union Railroad]] tracks that followed the east bank of the river, the railroad paid for the new bridge to be built higher than the old one, since the old bridge was so low that it had posed a hazard to railroad employees.<ref name=story-1922-pt1/> The new bridge was finished in March 1878.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58093794/racine-journal/ "City Brevities"], [[Racine Journal]], March 6, 1878, page three.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58093929/racine-journal/ "City Brevities"], [[Racine Journal]], March 13, 1878, page 3.</ref>
When a [[Racine streetcar system|new streetcar line]] was proposed in 1920, the city council readily agreed that the 4th Street bridge was unable to carry the weight of the streetcars and needed replacing.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58094554/the-journal-times/ "New Car Line is Proposed; Would Utilize Ontario Street"], [[Racine Journal-News]], September 23, 1920, front page and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58094654/the-journal-times/ page 9].</ref> An inspection in 1921 found that the bridge's steel I-beams were severely weakened and riddled with holes by exposure to the acidic smoke and exhaust from the railroad tracks below. The beams were bolstered with timber as a temporary measure, and the city planned to replace the bridge as soon as the new [[State Street Bridge (Racine, Wisconsin)|State Street Bridge]] was finished.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58094940/the-journal-times/ "Fourth Street Bridge Is Said To Be In Bad Shape"], [[Racine Journal-News]], April 21, 1921, front page.</ref>
[[File:4th Street Bridge, Racine, Wisconsin, 1937 aerial.PNG|thumb|right|An aerial view of the bridge and its surroundings in 1937, shortly after it was closed to vehicles.<ref>[https://maps.sco.wisc.edu/WHAIFinder/#15/42.7523/-87.7954 Wisconsin Historical Aerial Image Finder]</ref>]]
In 1931, the [[Racine Journal-News]] described the bridge as "the oldest city structure still in service" and "the only survivor of {{w|American pioneer|pioneer}} Racine" after the old [[Racine County Courthouse]] was demolished.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58102805/the-journal-times/ "Fourth Street Bridge Now Claims Public's Attention"], [[Racine Journal-News]] Shoppers Bulletin, December 13, 1931, page eleven.</ref> The bridge was narrowly saved from destruction in the early hours of March 4, 1933, when its wooden support structure caught fire.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58104194/the-journal-times/ "Fourth Street Bridge Threatened by Fire"], [[Racine Journal Times]], March 4, 1933, front page.</ref> A {{w|gale}} on January 28, 1934, caused significant damage to the bridge's eastern approach.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58102333/the-journal-times/ "Storm Hammers 4th St. Bridge; Violent Wind Rips Board Walk"], [[Racine Journal Times]], January 29, 1934, front page.</ref>
On January 18, 1936, the bridge was closed to vehicles by order of Mayor William Swoboda.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57998907/the-journal-times/ "Order Closes 4th St. Bridge; Weight of Ice and Snow Feared; Move for New Span Likely"], [[Racine Journal Times]], January 18, 1936, front page.</ref> At the time, the pedestrian sidewalk was being repaired, so it was in good enough condition that it was kept open. Later that year, the city pushed for funding from the {{w|Public Works Administration}} to replace the bridge with a new {{w|bascule bridge}}.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57999877/the-journal-times/ "To Fix Walks on Weak Span; City Moves to Replace Fourth Street Bridge"], [[Racine Journal Times]], August 21, 1936, page four.</ref> The PWA was able to cover 45 percent of the $350,000 cost of the new bridge, but in the midst of the {{w|Great Depression}}, the city of Racine was uncomfortable with paying the majority of the cost. Another proposal in 1938 suggested building an $850,000 viaduct connecting [[Grand Avenue (Racine, Wisconsin)|Grand Avenue]] to [[Douglas Avenue (Racine, Wisconsin)|Douglas Avenue]], which would have been built with state and federal funding so that the city would be expected to pay less than $100,000, as a replacement for the 4th Street bridge which would then be demolished.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58106158/the-journal-times/ "Viaduct Plan Pushed; State Aid Is Factor"], [[Racine Journal Times]], August 3, 1938, page four.</ref> A referendum to issue $150,000 in bonds to fund the construction of a new bridge at 4th Street failed in April 1940.<ref>Reynolds, Tex. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58107732/the-journal-times/ "Between the Lines: Story of Little Girl Killer Defies Fiction . . . Possible Democratic Riot . . . Mr. Zeidler and Movieland's 'Mr. Smith'"], [[Racine Journal Times]], April 5, 1940, front page.</ref>
In 1945, Bridge Street and its surrounding streets were vacated by the city of Racine as public streets and sold to the [[J.I. Case Company]], which owned all the surrounding property. With the western end of the bridge closed to public motor traffic, the question of replacing the bridge to accommodate vehicles again became effectively moot.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58110919/the-journal-times/ Item 67, Traffic Committee, Common Council Official Proceedings, July 3, 1945], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 6, 1945, page eight.</ref> The city council considered removing the bridge in 1957, but decided not to after a traffic commission study found that over 400 pedestrians crossed the bridge each day.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58111159/the-journal-times/ "Council Renews Tavern Permits Of 3 Convicted in Gambling Cases"], [[Racine Journal Times]], June 19, 1957, page 4.</ref>
In July 1961, Mayor Jack H. Humble urged the city council to have the bridge repaired or demolished. By that time, the [[Racine Journal Times]] reported, the swing mechanism was inoperable, the frame was rusted, and the wooden floor was rotted through in some places, creating holes that were patched with old traffic signs.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57997688/the-journal-times/ "Repair or Tear Down 4th St. Bridge–Mayor"], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 31, 1961, page 4A.</ref> On September 11, 1961, while the issue was being considered, Peter F. Lee dislocated his shoulder when his foot broke through a rotten plank on the bridge, and he later sued the city for the costs of his treatment.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57997910/the-journal-times/ "Sues City for Injury on 4th St. Bridge"], [[Racine Journal Times]], September 27, 1961, page 5.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57998003/the-journal-times/ Claims Committee, Item 24, Common Council Official Proceedings, October 3, 1961], [[Racine Journal Times]], October 6, 1961, page 24.</ref> Humble ordered the bridge closed to pedestrians on September 14, after the City Harbor Commission described it as unsafe and noted that the city was liable for injuries sustained on the bridge.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57942340/the-journal-times/ "Mayor Orders 4th St. Bridge Barricaded"], [[Racine Journal Times]], September 14, 1961, front page and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57942361/ page 2].</ref>
The disused bridge was ultimately demolished two years later.<ref name=fate-1961>Herman, Bob. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57941976/the-journal-times/ "4th St. Bridge Fate Argued for 41 Years"], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 14, 1963, front page and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57942002/the-journal-times/ page 6A].</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57942148/the-journal-times/ "End of a Life Span"], [[Racine Journal Times]], December 29, 1963, page 1B.</ref> [[Luedtke Engineering Company (Frankfort, Michigan)|Luedtke Engineering Company]] of [[Frankfort, Michigan]] handled the demolition during late July and early August 1963.<ref name=luedtke-19630717>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57996800/the-journal-times/ "4th St. Bridge to Be Removed"], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 17, 1963, front page.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57996706/the-journal-times/ "Goodby, Bridge"], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 26, 1963, front page.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57996981/the-journal-times/ "The New Look"], [[Racine Journal Times]], August 8, 1963, page 6A.</ref> On August 5, Luedtke Engineering employee Ronald Getchell was hospitalized after he fell from a {{w|dredge}} while working on demolishing the bridge.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57996506/the-journal-times/ "Happenings in the City"], [[Racine Journal Times]], August 5, 1963, page 4A.</ref> The Racine city council originally planned to replace the demolished bridge with a smaller pedestrian bridge to be built in 1964,<ref name=luedtke-19630717/> but decided not to replace the bridge at all in an October 1963 budget meeting.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57997192/the-journal-times/ "Aldermen Endorse Rambler Bus, Golf Course; Reject Noise Ban"], [[Racine Journal Times]], October 8, 1963, page 5A.</ref>
In 2012, the Racine city council approved "RootWorks: Root River Corridor Redevelopment Plan", which called for a new pedestrian bridge to be built at 4th Street, connecting Downtown to the Case New Holland campus and a new development called "River Loop North". [[Vandewalle & Associates (Madison, Wisconsin)|Vandewalle & Associates]] unveiled plans for such a bridge in 2015.<ref>Spoto, Cara. [https://journaltimes.com/news/local/rootworks-plan-envisions-pedestrian-bridge-at-fourth-and-wisconsin/article_13e82377-7510-5fb4-9d6e-5b987b4e781b.html "RootWorks plan envisions pedestrian bridge at Fourth and Wisconsin"], [[Racine Journal Times]], July 18, 2015.</ref>
| |||